url-encoding
URL encoding rules
Percent-encoding in addresses and form submissions.
- Percent-encoding: bytes become
%followed by two hex digits (%20space). - Application/x-www-form-urlencoded: HTML forms map spaces to
+in bodies; paths use%20. - URI vs IRIs: Non-ASCII may appear in IRIs; browsers normalize—still encode user-provided segments programmatically.
- Use platform helpers (
encodeURIComponentin browsers, counterparts on servers) rather than hand-encoding.