IF and IFS

Last reviewed Jun 1, 2026 Content v20260601

Track mode

none

Means

Read / quiz

Reading

~1 min

Level

beginner

This lesson

This lesson teaches IF and IFS: Excel concepts, formulas, and analysis patterns you recreate locally in a workbook.

Teams apply IF and IFS in every serious Excel workflow—skipping it leaves errors in models stakeholders trust.

You will apply IF and IFS in contexts like: Finance, operations, reporting, and quick what-if analysis before a full BI stack.

Read the lesson, type formulas in your local Excel or compatible spreadsheet, rebuild examples in excel-practice.xlsx, and complete MCQs—no in-browser runner.

When you can explain the previous lesson's ideas in your own words.

IF branches logic; IFS (modern Excel) handles multiple conditions without nested nightmares.

IF

=IF(B2>=60,"Pass","Fail")
=IF(A2="","",B2/A2)   ' avoid divide by zero'

IFS

=IFS(B2>=90,"A",B2>=80,"B",B2>=70,"C",TRUE,"F")

AND/OR

=IF(AND(B2>0,C2="Active"),B2*0.1,0)

Important interview questions and answers

Q: IFS TRUE last?
A: Catch-all default branch.
Q: AND?
A: All conditions must be true.

Self-check

Write IF for Pass/Fail at 60.
Why put TRUE last in IFS?

Tip: Prefer IFS over nested IF when you have 3+ branches (modern Excel).

Interview prep

IFS TRUE?: Default catch-all branch.

Discussion

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Starter discussion topics

IFS TRUE branch?
AND vs OR?

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